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rowanlim
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 Posted: Fri Apr 25, 2008 11:08 am Post subject: China: Denying Human Rights |
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Well I was reading up so I'd thought to share some information about human rights issues in China. The information I'm sharing is mostly about the North Korean immigrants in China:
| Quote: | I have been living with my husband for about ten years now. We have a seven-year-old son. I never committed any crime. But I don�t have any residency status, and neither does my son. It really worries me that he can�t go to school.
� 42-year-old woman from Musan, North Korea, living with a Chinese man in a de facto marriage relationship
Where I live, if you want to obtain hukou [household registration permit] for a half-Chinese, half-North Korean child, you must obtain a police document verifying the mother�s arrest or another form that you fill out explaining that the mother ran away. You also need signatures of three witnesses who would testify that she was repatriated or ran away, and submit them to the police. But that�s not all. You have to treat [bribe] relevant officials.
� Chinese father of MH, age eight, whose North Korean mother was arrested and repatriated to North Korea in 2005
In the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture in eastern Jilin province, northeast China, many North Korean children and children of Chinese fathers and North Korean mothers live in legal limbo. There is no official data estimating the number of such children living in the area, but local residents put the number at anywhere between a few thousand and several tens of thousands.
A serious problem these children face is access to education, as Chinese schools require verification of identity for admittance and continued schooling. In China, every citizen must be registered under a household registration system called hukou. Chinese law stipulates that a child born in China is entitled to citizenship if either parent is a Chinese citizen. However, since registering a child would expose the identity of the mother, Chinese men who have had children with North Korean women are faced with an awful choice. They can register their child at the risk of exposing their mothers, who could be arrested and repatriated to North Korea as �illegal� economic migrants, or they can decide not to register the child�leaving the child without access to education. When both parents are North Koreans, it is impossible for a child to obtain hukou.
Children of North Korean women face different treatment in different districts in Yanbian. Practices are often harsh: in many districts, officials routinely arrest and repatriate North Korean women found to be living with Chinese men in their districts. Although the law does not explicitly require it, some also refuse to allow the registration of half-North Korean children as Chinese citizens unless and until their mothers have been arrested and repatriated to North Korea. In one exceptional case, the authorities in a small district began allowing in 2007 the registration of half-North Korean children as Chinese citizens without requiring documentation about their mothers.
The Chinese government�s policy of arresting and repatriating North Korean women who have children with Chinese men violates China�s obligations under both domestic and international law. Such women leave their country for various reasons, including hunger and political persecution. North Korea considers leaving without state permission an act of treason and harshly punishes those who are forcibly repatriated. Returnees face arbitrary detention, torture and other mistreatment, and sometimes even the death penalty. This strong risk of persecution means many North Korean migrants become entitled to protection as refugees.
Repatriating North Koreans in circumstances in which their life or freedom could be threatened at home is a violation of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugee Convention), while separating children from their mothers (by repatriating the mothers to North Korea) is a violation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC). China is a party to both of these treaties. Currently, China does not allow the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) access to North Koreans in Yanbian to determine their refugee status.
Under domestic and international laws, China also has a legal obligation to grant all children in China access to education, regardless of their legal status. North Korean or half-North Korean children should not be required to submit copies of hukou for admittance to schools or continuing schooling, nor should their parents and guardians be forced to pay bribes to officials to enable the children to receive education. China must immediately stop such practices and allow access to education for all children, without preconditions.
To investigate these issues, Human Rights Watch traveled to Chinese towns and cities near the China-North Korea border between late November 2007 and early January 2008. Although such research poses significant security concerns, not the least of which is potential reprisals against interviewees, we were able to speak in secure settings with 23 children of Korean women and 18 adults with firsthand knowledge of the conditions such children face (including parents, guardians, missionaries, and others). Of the children, 12 (seven boys and five girls) were North Korean and 11 (six boys and five girls) had Chinese fathers and North Korean mothers. To protect them from possible retribution we have used initials, instead of their names, and have provided only general locations of interviews.
While the number of interviews is small, the problems addressed in this report stem from larger questions of legal status which directly affect tens of thousands of North Koreans in Yanbian and beyond. We are confident that the conditions described by the children and parents interviewed for this report are illustrative of those faced by similarly situated children throughout the region.
In accordance with the CRC, in this report, a �child� refers to anyone under the age of 18.
Human Rights Watch urges the Chinese government to:
1. Grant all children access to education without requiring proof of legal identity.
2. Allow hukou registration for all children with one Chinese parent without requiring verification of the identity of the other parent.
3. Stop arresting and repatriating North Koreans, especially children and women who have children with Chinese men.
4. Allow UNHCR access to North Koreans in China, including children, to determine their refugee status.
5. Ratify the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children.
Human Rights Watch urges the North Korean government to:
1. Stop punishing North Koreans who leave, or attempt to leave, North Korea without state permission, including North Koreans who are repatriated to North Korea.
2. Repeal all laws that criminalize leaving the country without state permission, especially the criminal law provision that defines such travel as treason. Acknowledge the right to leave the country as a basic human right. |
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calebdanvers
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| Posted: Sat May 03, 2008 8:22 am Post subject: |
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Well after reading the news excerpt, I'm not at all shocked at how the Chinese Government treated those North Koreans who illegally crossed into Chinese teritorries. In any case, the illegal immigrants need be repatriated because of the fact that the only GOVERNMENT in this whole wide world that has diplomatic relationship with PYONG YANG is BEIJING. So I guess I dun hav to further elaborate as we shud perfectly know THE CHINESE are compelled to do so because Kim Jong Il is their ally and most treasured friend, COMMUNIST ALLY.
I seriously abhor the fact that ppl hide behind the COMMUNISM IDEOLOGY to get FAT. Look at KIM JONG IL with his ever-growing spare tire around his belly. His ppl are dying from starvation, having only skin and bones and he ****ing has the access to all the world's most sumptuos, exotic and delicious foods. Look at his luxurious lifestyle. You will be shocked to no point seeing him as the head of one of the world's most impoverished nations but cud still enjoy his life like a billionaire  Gazillionaire.
Communism means a fair share of wealth bla bla bla. But look at Kim Jong Il, does his luxurious lifestyle warrant any fair share of wealth ideology? Another bloody ****ing Chinese communist---->Mao Ze Dong (Those morons always heed him as CHAIRMAN MAO, if u cud still remember Mr. Brown's 'mind your language' comedy) Chairman Mao my ***. He is EVERYTHG Kim Jong IL embodies right now.
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radin87
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| Posted: Sat May 03, 2008 4:58 pm Post subject: |
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you know how the communist work right?
all the properties in the nation is belong to the government..
both of north korea and pople republic of china has clearly stated in their constitution that the only legal party in the country is the communist party..
well, you get the point what will you get if you is the leader of the communist party.. |
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calebdanvers
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| Posted: Sun May 04, 2008 11:23 am Post subject: |
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Well yeah evryone knows the money and properties belong to the COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT...But have u been reading bout MAO ZE DONG and KIM JONG IL? How their LAVISH spendings shocked ppl to NO END?
It's still ok if they get to spend but their ppl dun. But look at the fair share of wealth ideology they are implementing...Have we been so unoblivious of the fact that THOSE FAT MEN get to eat but their ppl dun? 
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rowanlim
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| Posted: Sun May 04, 2008 2:00 pm Post subject: |
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I think looking back & after reading up, it looks like there's no way we can truly blame the Chinese government.
1. The North Koreans are illegal immigrants in China. They have to do what they did, NK can't keep sending their people over illegally.
2. About the Tibet riots, Tibet initially asked to join with China, if I'm not mistaken. If Tibet formed its own state & the Dalai Lama took the helm, it'll be just another dictator-ruled country, with religion as the bending thumb.
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radin87
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| Posted: Sun May 04, 2008 4:36 pm Post subject: |
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| For the case of Tibet, their try to preserve their unic community of Tibetan.. I don't think that other ethnic like Han, Hakka and etc is truly accepted in Tibet... |
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rowanlim
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| Posted: Sun May 04, 2008 5:17 pm Post subject: |
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I feel that Tibet had benefited from China. There are now railway tracks, there's development there. Pushing it back to a secular, & possibly dictatorial rule, will only deteriorate the state.
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radin87
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| Posted: Mon May 05, 2008 2:18 am Post subject: |
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Well, that's what the tibet younger generations wants..
actually, there is a complicated past between tibet and the PRC.. i don't know about the details much..
it be a huge impact on the 2008 Olympics games for PRC (People Republic of China) |
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calebdanvers
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| Posted: Mon May 05, 2008 3:01 am Post subject: |
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Well, it's not the fault of those immigrants too. It's not the DPRK government that's been sending its ppl over but merely, its ppl are trying to escape from their famine-stricken country. Furthermore, the oppression they get in their own country is so unbearable that they cud go the distance and great lengths to get to anywhere as long as it's not NORTH KOREA. Plus, the rise of food prices is sending reverberating ripples to the country which is relying heavily on food aid from UN, South Korea and China.
It's the same as those Cubans that willingly risk their dear lives juz to get to the US, specifically Florida as that is the closest tip to Cuba. Little Havana in the US was born cuz of these Cuban immigrants. If u remember the case of the kiddo whose name is Elian Gonzales, then I guess the picture will be clearer. I'm not for or against whether the kid shud stay in the US, but what catapulted his mother in the first place to go as far as dangerously shoving him in a small boat.
As for North Korea, so many have been trying to crossover to mainly South Korea and China. Please in any case try to understand what plight or under what circumstances that brought them to that extent. I really dun like the way Kim Jong Il runs his country. I mean imagine his ppl never has any access to electricity, entertainment and all the basic amenities that we hav right now. There's no freedom of speech and bla bla bla(U shud know what kind of country it is if it embraces communism ideology). The DPRK are afraid that if they let their ppl get all the basic amenities such as those, they will acquire enough knowledge to topple the government.
Many of us hav been saying the world turned these countries such as DPRK and Cuba into hostiles. Well, it all again boils down to their leaders. They shud fear no one if they haven't done anythg wrong. If they do, then these are what we get.
As for the Tibetan case, I dunno why but I feel that the Chinese are scared by losing Tibet, their land area will shrink and that they will lose their might in the world. Same thg for the rows between China and Taiwan. China wants Taiwan as part of its territory but Taiwan wants INDEPENDENCE and up until today, Taiwan is never a country recognized under any world bodies including UN thanks to the LOVING CHINA.
Younger generations are always the rebels and of the secular type. They never liked the communism ideology. That's the main picture of the Tibetan uprising and also Taiwan's push for independence.
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Last edited by calebdanvers on Fri May 23, 2008 6:50 am; edited 1 time in total |
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radin87
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| Posted: Mon May 05, 2008 4:33 am Post subject: |
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It's not only the Tibet and Taiwan, the PRC also claimed the Mongolia and a part of Bhutan and Nepal.
The Taiwan cases is, before the Communist power hold power, the government at that time is The Kuomintang Party. Also called as Republic of China (ROC). After the Kuomintang fall at the mainland, they retreat to the Taiwan (which are the terretory of ROC).
Thus, the PRC claimed Taiwan because they are the government now. They claimed that Taiwan once are terretory of ROC, it is automatically a terretory of PRC.
It is a complicated issues. The official name of Taiwan government is still ROC. |
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rowanlim
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| Posted: Mon May 05, 2008 12:57 pm Post subject: |
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Here should be an interesting article
| Quote: | Political views on Tibet tend to be as unambiguous as the hard blue dome of sky that stretches above its mountains. In Western opinion, the "Tibet question" is settled: Tibet should not be part of China; before being forcibly annexed, in 1951, it was an independent country. The Chinese are cruel occupiers who are seeking to destroy the traditional culture of Tibet. The Dalai Lama, the traditional spiritual leader of Tibet, who fled to India in 1959, should be allowed to return and resume his rule over either an independent or at least a culturally autonomous Tibet. In short, in Western eyes there is only one answer to the Tibet question: Free Tibet.
For Han -- ethnic Chinese -- who live in Tibet, the one answer is exactly the same and yet completely different. They serve what the Chinese call "Liberated Tibet." Mei Zhiyuan is Han, and in 1997 he was sent by the Chinese government to act as a "Volunteer Aiding Tibet" at a Tibetan middle school, where he works as a teacher. His roommate, Tashi, is a Tibetan who as a college student was sent in the opposite direction, to Sichuan province, where he received his teacher training. Both men are twenty-four years old. They are good friends who live near Heroes Road, which is named after the Chinese and Tibetans who contributed to the "peaceful liberation" of Tibet in the 1950s. This is how Mei Zhiyuan sees Tibet -- as a harmonious region that benefits from Chinese support. When I asked him why he had volunteered to work there, he said, "Because all of us know that Tibet is a less developed place that needs skilled people."
I went to Tibet to explore this second viewpoint, hoping to catch a glimpse of the Tibet question through Chinese eyes. Before coming to Tibet, I had spent two years as a volunteer English teacher at a small college in Sichuan, which made me particularly interested in meeting volunteer teachers like Mei Zhiyuan. I also talked with other young government-sent workers and entrepreneurs who had come to seek their fortunes, and for four weeks that was my focus, as I spent time in Lhasa and other places where there are large numbers of Han settlers.
Of all the pieces that compose the Tibet question, this is by far the most explosive: the Dalai Lama has targeted Han migration as one of the greatest threats to Tibetan culture, and the sensitivity of the issue is evident in some statistics. According to Beijing, Han make up only three percent of the population of the Tibet Autonomous Region, whereas some Tibetan exiles claim that the figure is in fact over 50 percent and growing. Tibetans see the influx of Han as yet another attempt to destroy their culture; Chinese see the issue as Deng Xiaoping did in 1987, when he said, "Tibet is sparsely populated. The two million Tibetans are not enough to handle the task of developing such a huge region. There is no harm in sending Han into Tibet to help.... The key issues are what is best for Tibetans and how can Tibet develop at a fast pace, and move ahead in the four modernizations in China."
Regardless of the accuracy of the official Chinese view, many of the government-sent Han workers in Tibet clearly see their role in terms of service. They are perhaps the most important historical actors in terms of the Tibet question, and yet they are also the most-often overlooked. Why did they come to Tibet? What do they think of the place, how are they changing it, and what do they see as their role?
Gao Ming, a twenty-two-year-old English teacher, told me, "One aspect was that I knew we should be willing to go to the border regions, to the minority areas, to places that are jianku -- difficult. These are the parts of China that need help. If I could have gone to Xinjiang, I would have, but I knew that Tibet was also a place that needed teachers. That was the main reason. Another aspect was that Tibet is a natural place -- there's no pollution here, and almost no people; much of it is untouched. So I wanted to see what it was like."
Shi Mingzhi, a twenty-four-year-old physics teacher, said, "First, I'd say it's the same reason that you came here to travel -- because it's an interesting place. But I also wanted to come help build the country. You know that all of the volunteers in this district are Party members, and if you're a Party member, you should be willing to go to a jianku place to work. So you could say that all of us had patriotic reasons for coming -- perhaps that's the biggest reason. But I also came because it was a good opportunity, and the salary is higher than in the interior of China."
Talking with these young men was in many ways similar to talking with an idealistic volunteer in any part of the world. Apart from the financial incentive to work in Tibet, many of the motivations were the same -- the sense of adventure, the desire to see something new, the commitment to service. And government propaganda emphasizes this sense of service, through figures like Kong Fansen, a cadre from eastern China who worked in Tibet and became famous as a worker-martyr after his death in an auto accident. Han workers are exhorted to study the "old Tibet spirit" of Kong and other cadres as they serve a region that in the Chinese view desperately needs their talents. |
Link
I don't think we can discount that China's rule has brought a certain measure of development to the Tibet...
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calebdanvers
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| Posted: Fri May 09, 2008 2:12 pm Post subject: |
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Yeah we can never discount the progress that has swept Tibet for like ages under Chinese rule. However, to what extent has the progress in Tibet been?
Let me put it this way...We'd shown our own GOVERNMENT in the last general election what it means to not serve us FAIR and SQUARE and for being INCAPABLE of solving certain hate-inciting/seditious issues wrongly manipulated by certain political parties which in fact have been haunting us for decades. So, what do the recent violent and chinese pride-hurting protests in Tibet signal? Remember? COMMUNISTS dun practice DEMOCRACY and where the hell cud u get an election? What other channels to show the COMMUNISTS that they are NOT HAPPY? Tibet, for your information, has been under Chinese rule for over 700 years. Dun u think that prosperity cud at least be flourishing in Tibet juz like what the other parts of China have been enjoying at the moment? But HELL NO, Tibetans are among the poorest in the self-proclaimed PRC.
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calebdanvers
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| Posted: Tue Jul 15, 2008 4:24 am Post subject: |
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ok guyz....i thot somehow we DO NEED the upside of the whole 'china denying human rights' stuff.
| Quote: | Phone Call From China Transformed �84 Games
By LYNN ZINSER
Published: July 14, 2008
The call he will never forget came for Peter Ueberroth in the middle of the night on May 12, 1984, over a crackling phone line from Beijing. It carried the news he believed would determine the fate of the Olympics, not just the Games he was working to organize in Los Angeles that summer but all the ones beyond.
At the other end of the line was Charles Lee, the man he had sent to persuade the Chinese to send their team to the Olympics for the first time. Ueberroth, the leader of the Los Angeles organizing committee, was asking China to defy a Soviet Union-led boycott that was announced four days earlier. The Soviets said the boycott would keep 100 countries away from the �84 Games. If the Soviets succeeded, Ueberroth said flatly, �we were done.�
Salvation came when Lee called and told Ueberroth, �They�re coming.�
As the world prepares for the Beijing Games in August, that moment is all but lost in the history of the Olympics, when the winds shifted and carried the Games away from a political bludgeon in the cold war to the combination of athletic and commercial success they have become since.
Ueberroth, now 70 and the chairman of the United States Olympic Committee, will lead the American team into China with a deep sense of gratitude. He believes China saved the Olympics.
�When I got the phone call that they were coming, well, it still gets to me right now,� Ueberroth said in a recent interview in his Newport Beach, Calif., office. �It changed the whole face of the Games.�
Now, no matter what political issues arise � and with China there are many: human rights, Tibet, its relationship with the government of Sudan � large-scale boycotts are no longer part of the discussion. Political statements come in smaller forms: which heads of state will attend or stay home, whether athletes will speak out about their political views. Recently, President Bush announced he would attend the opening ceremony. Prime Minister Gordon Brown of Britain and Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany have said they will not.
In 1984, the stakes were higher. The Soviets were recruiting countries to retaliate for the United States� decision to stay away from the 1980 Moscow Games, a boycott that 61 other countries joined. The Soviets announced on May 8, 1984, that their team would not come to Los Angeles because of fears for their athletes� safety, claiming they had agreements from 100 countries to do the same.
Ueberroth said he saw the list. At the top was China.
His response was to assemble a team of envoys who could appeal to officials in undecided countries and persuade them to come. Lee, a federal prosecutor in Los Angeles who is not Chinese but speaks fluent Mandarin, took a small group to China. Ueberroth asked a woman on his staff, Agnes Mura, to lead a group to Romania; she had been born there. Ueberroth went to Cuba.
�People think of the Olympics as a corporate structure,� said Bob Ctvrtlik, who played for the United States volleyball team at the �84 Games and is now a member of the International Olympic Committee. �It really is not. It relies on relationships. It relies on trust. It relies on people who can cut through cultural differences and find common ground. That was the brilliance of that program.�
Ueberroth was unable to sway Fidel Castro � he keeps a framed copy of a headline from an article in The Los Angeles Times that read, �Ueberroth Strikes Out in Cuba.� But Lee�s visit was a triumph, and Mura delivered the perhaps more stunning news later in May that tiny Romania would defy the Soviet boycott.
Mura, then 35, had escaped communist Romania when she was 19. Her job at the time was to organize volunteer translators for the Games. She said Ueberroth, learning of her background, tapped her on the shoulder one day and asked her to go to Romania. The semi-secret trip to her homeland terrified her.
After a few days of talks, with the group sequestered in a lakeside house outside Bucharest, the Romanians agreed in principle to attend the Games. With a few financial details to iron out � the Los Angeles organizing committee and the I.O.C. would each pay $60,000 to defray the Romanians� costs � Mura called Ueberroth.
�I said, �Agnes, I think they�re just being nice to you,� � Ueberroth said. �I thought the Soviets would crush them.�
Mura said she knew the magnitude of what Romania, then a country of about 23 million, was doing.
�We were very proud,� Mura said. �In three days we had accomplished a lot. One of the biggest concerns they had was security. There had been attacks at the Olympics before and because the Soviets� argument was they wouldn�t feel safe in the U.S., the Romanians worried that the Soviets would stage an attack on them.�
When Mura returned, Ueberroth asked her to organize an extensive envoy program with hosts for every nation, who would be responsible for the teams� well-being during the Games. Mura slept in the Olympic Village with the Romanian team, next door to its cherished star gymnast, Nadia Comaneci.
But Lee�s visit to China, Ueberroth believed, held the Games in the balance.
Lee, now 62 and retiring as a Superior Court Judge in Los Angeles, began studying Mandarin when he was in the Navy in the late 1960s and spent two years studying in Taiwan. His wife, Miranda, was born in China and grew up in Hong Kong.
When the 1984 Games were first being organized, Ueberroth became aware of Lee when Lee�s law firm worked on the organizing committee�s bylaws. When he needed someone fluent in Mandarin as an envoy, Ueberroth remembered Lee.
Lee visited China several times in the �70s and �80s and was fascinated by a country that had been closed to foreigners for so long. He said they were astounded with his language skills.
�At night, most places didn�t have electricity,� Lee said. �You got to the city from the airport by this one small road. There were very few Westerners there and very, very few Westerners who spoke Chinese. So I really enjoyed talking to people.
�Back then on the tours to China they took you to factories, like a light bulb factory. At night you�d go to a magic show and that was it.�
On his trip in May 1984, Lee said, he and his group were welcomed enthusiastically by the Chinese sports ministers in Beijing. After a series of meetings, the ministers told him China would come to the Games. Lee pressed them to give him a letter he could take back to Ueberroth.
�Initially when they said, �We�re coming,� they believed since they said it, there�s no need for anything in writing,� Lee said. �I just kept asking and asking. Finally they very graciously gave me the letter, which was a fantastic thing.�
No one was happier than Ueberroth.
�It was a turning point in my life,� he said.
Only 14 countries boycotted the 1984 Games, which became a financial and political success. Ueberroth remembers the huge cheer the Chinese team received at the opening ceremony � the Romanians received one as well � at Los Angeles Coliseum. Lee remembers watching the Chinese team members as they experienced their first Olympics. When a few gymnasts asked to meet some American children, Lee brought them to play with his two daughters, then 4 and 2. He still cherishes the picture of that meeting. Lee was appointed the chef de mission of the United States team for the Beijing Games, serving as the leader of the American delegation.
Two years ago, when the U.S.O.C. signed a cooperation pact with the Chinese Olympic Committee, Ueberroth presented its chairman, Liu Peng, with a torch from the �84 Games. Those involved said it was an emotional moment for both men. Beijing�s Games will be Ueberroth�s last as chairman.
Mura, who owns an executive management training firm, said she would watch the Beijing Games with a keen understanding of their significance, with China having come full circle as host after its key role in 1984.
�I know having lived in a communist country what it�s like to open your doors,� Mura said. �I can imagine what it will be like for those young people to see the world come to their capital for a celebration.
�For the people of Beijing, it is going to give them a feeling of connectedness that they started in �84.�
It all started with news that reached Ueberroth in the middle of the night and stays with him still. |
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rowanlim
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| Posted: Tue Jul 15, 2008 5:05 am Post subject: |
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^I agree with the sentiment NOT to boycott, I don't see the point of it. Boycotts rarely worked, it would be a shame. Lovely article, caleb 
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calebdanvers
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| Posted: Tue Jul 15, 2008 6:32 am Post subject: |
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^as much as i'd like to believe boycotts oddly work, the freaky boycott of the '84 Games wud hav worked were it not for the US team's relentless effort to engage those boycotting countries led by the then USSR.
china has shown the world its willingness to open up its borders gradually with its decision to host the Olympics. it wud not be wise to boycott the '08 Games in Beijing. i believe the US has some deep sense of respect for the PRC for its brazen courage to defy the USSR in 1984. that cud be the reason George W. Bush has said he will attend the opening ceremony other than some inevitable concealed political motives he is harboring. olympics shudnt be used as a jumpingboard to attack or shellack a country. its a celebration of athletes coming together to compete in sports, NOT POLITICS.
whatever ugly political agendas both countries might be hiding, the real heroes that trump all of these issues - human rights, Tibet, Myanmar, Sudan and Zimbabwe - are the ppl who made historic spotlight in 1984 for successfully reaching out to those self shunned-out countries. a monumental victory for those dipping in undying hopes for a unified world.
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